There is increasing demand for higher speed service by subscribers served by DSLAMs where the total bandwidth demand has not justified running fiber, and a need to deploy a larger number of smaller DSLAMs closer to customers so that xDSL performance can be enhanced.
Service operators facing these challenges and universal service mandates have to satisfy this demand while containing cost if they are to ensure profitability. NxT1/E1 backhaul cannot scale very cost effectively. And running fiber can be extremely expensive unless the DSLAM is large enough to present significant demand, and is reasonably close to a CO.
More cost effective and scalable backhaul is required for these kinds of situations.